Green Revolution Essay

Interaction between humans and the environment has always had a great importance in the development of humankind; according to Marx, what differentiates humans from other animals is the fact that humans can transform their surroundings to suit their needs, through labor. The Green Revolution is not the exception to that. In times of need the human being manipulated its environment to be suitable for its development, however, the question lingers, how efficient was it, how positive? The Green Revolution, from 1945 to the present, was motivated by the need to increase the production of food to supply for the increasing demand as population grew, to promote national self-sustainability in terms of food. However, during that period the effect of the Revolution have been detrimental to the environment and society: they have damaged agricultural diversity and heritage, damaged the lands, and put at risk food security; also, they have widened the gap between the very rich and the very poor, monopolizing the food industry. The Green Revolution originated after an urgent need to promote food security with a growing trend in global population, as a way to promote self-sustainability and independence. As it is clear in the report given by the Food and Agriculture Organization (DOC 2), in the period ranging from around 1929 (great depression) and 1945 (end of World War II) the global food supply index was below the world population. What this means is that there was literally not enough food being produced world wide to feed the world population. This struggle of human kind to stay afloat in supplying the minimum needs for survival meant that a change needed to occur. The answer, as Dr. Norman Borlaug stated in his Nobel Lecture (DOC 4) was not simply planting more in the developing nations, since the lands in those areas were â€Å"tired, worn out, depleted of plant nutrients†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Clearly, what the document refers is that a new, more effective way of growing food had to be developed. In fact, Dr. Borlaug states that the priority of the developments of the green revolution concentrated in the millions that were lurked by hunger, a large problematic that clearly was under the spotlight. As a proof that the world was prioritizing the deficient food supply is the statement given by President Harry Truman (DOC 3). President Truman was the leader of the most powerful nation in the world at the time, the one with the largest technological developments, and his word was the one that would set the course of the world. This particular speech is vital, since it is the inaugural speech, where he was to set the priorities of the government and address the world with what the United States had as a course for the future. In this speech, he clearly refers to the shocking figure that â€Å"more than half the people of the world are living in conditions approaching misery† and says that the United States will help provide â€Å"technical knowledge†¦ to produce more food† In the speech President Truman refers often to liberty, thus meaning that self-sustainability will provide freedom. This speech is the perfect example, the jewel of the trend that the world was seeing with regard to prioritizing food. The mention of â€Å"technical knowledge† is vital in the construction of the green revolution as a response to the lack of food, with technological developments in the agricultural field. Some have said that the Green Revolution has been a success in improving the food industry, and improving living conditions for everyone; nevertheless the numbers today reflect a mediocre success. Indian minister for food and agriculture (1964-1967) states in an interview (DOC 5) that the farmers of the state of Punjab competed to use the technology that was introduced by the green revolution the best. It is stated with a positive connotation, as to refer to the great feats of Punjab. This seems very positive, however, the most likely reason for this to have occurred is the fact that multinational corporations were kicking them out of the market and they were forced into utilizing the technology that those same corporations were imposing on them. If this were true, which it most likely is, as it has happened in many places around the world, it would discredit the great success that the Green Revolution supposedly is. Furthermore, the claim is that the Green Revolution has brought prosperity, however, to whom, to the ones that were rich already? A perfect example of this negative impact of the Green Revolution is the conversation between Mrs. Dula and the United Nations official (DOC 6), which gives a not very realistic perspective of the impact of the green Revolution and is concentrated exclusively in the sector of the very rich. This document is indeed quite revealing, as the speaker is an aristocratic woman of Mexico, probably a housewife who sees the world through the optic of his husband, a man who earns a salary if the revolution which he works for is successful; in fact, she is most likely part of one of the clubs she talks about herself. The occasion of this statement is a simple conversation with a UN official, probably at some sort of a social event, where the high class is all joined together, with perfectly slanted people who are not really analyzing the global impact of the Green Revolution. This document gives a crystal clear proof of how much the Green Revolution has made the â€Å"rich Mexican farmers† richer probably at the expense of making the poor laborers, poorer, however, this document presents only one, very bright point of view to sell the revolution. With regards to India once again, socially, they sell the idea of improvement, like in the report of the State of Punjab (DOC 9) where it says that the Green Revolution has seen with it the â€Å"emergence of middle and rich peasants† a very undesirable euphemism to conceal the actual situation. This document seems to give a perspective of social growth and development, of a population going for education, yet once again, it seems very idealistic in its tone, when in reality India has totally different conditions. With regards to that, India has one of the largest Gini index’s in the world, meaning a huge social inequality, and has one of the smallest middle classes in the world, which has diminished even more throughout the years, meaning that in reality, India may have had a somewhat positive year, but the general trend is of a very pronounced downturn in social progress, all related to the Green Revolution which is destroying the small farmers. The Green Revolution, in truth has brought more ill than it has brought good, in the environmental and social aspects. Regarding environmental harm, the FAO Wheat Yield report (DOC 1) is very good in demonstrating the introduction of massive scale crops that the Green Revolution brings forth with it. The introduction of these crops damages the lands since they are not prone to such production. The graphs show that in both Mexico and India the crop yields were extremely irregular, and as time passed they have become even more, this is due to the fact that they are not proper to those areas and its planting is something totally synthetic and with complete disrespect towards the natural balance. The article by Dr. Vandana Shiva (DOC 8) reveals how much damage the crops, especially Genetically Modified Organisms; do to the land they are planted in. The â€Å"reduced genetic diversity, increased vulnerability to pests, soil erosion, water shortages†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are effect that will leave marked the land for a long time, as Dr. Shiva states, and are a threat to future generations, which will have totally barren land where it will be impossible to plant food. Dr. Shiva also refers to the social problematic that the Green Revolution is planting alongside its seeds. For instance the fight for water to provide irrigation, previously not needed in India, has lead to â€Å"conflict and violence† and as it has become a worldwide trend, the career for water dominance is â€Å"leading to both local and interstate water conflicts. † This clearly shows how disadvantageous the spread of the Green Revolution has been, since it has brought unmeasured changes that have not been made responsibly, but rather abruptly, causing enormous damage. Dr. Shiva is an Indian Physicist, and being from India she probably has had a very direct contact with the Green Revolution, considering that one of its birthplaces was in fact the State of Punjab. In this occasion she is writing for the Ecologist magazine, a publication read by people with primary interest in the environmental issues, including organization leaders and maybe politicians who will probably get concerned, especially due to the tone of annoyance and hatred that she employs in the article. Expanding on social implications, the Guatemalan National Coordinating Committee of Indigenous peasants (DOC 10) gives a different perspective. Although it may sound somewhat as mysticism from indigenous people, saying that they have contaminated the seeds is not a joke, considering the hormones that can be found in GMO plantations. This also acknowledges a vital issue, the loss of diversity and heritage that society is killing with the systematic Green Revolution trends, like the Mayan traditions, which have been present for â€Å"five thousand years. † Furthermore, the social disaster does not stop there, but stumbles over women, which according to the FAO Newsletter (DOC 7) have been forced to change their job. In this case the implications have made woman, traditionally in other roles, have even less opportunities to succeed, as the increased need for cash income made the woman be forced to work. This implies a social catastrophe since it denies the right of woman to equal opportunities, which are stripped off with the Green Revolution, which makes them simply one more laborer forced to work. Additional to the information presented in the documents it would be vital to contain the point of view of a small scale male farmer that has to compete with the multinational corporations, which have been installed after the start of the Green Revolution circa 1945. This would be important since it would show the first hand effects of the monopolies that the Green Revolution has brought, with regards to the social impact it has made, and whether that impact is positive or negative. As discussed throughout the essay, the Green Revolution, which has lasted from 1945 until the present day, was originated with a need to secure food production in a starving world. However its effects were not so positive, since today many starve, and the Green Revolution has damaged the environment and widened the gap between the social classes. The setup of crops that have give no benefit to the places in which they are grown, with complete disregard to the ecological balance that was being destroyed have caused issues ranging from soil erosion to water shortages and crops with pest vulnerability. The Green Revolution has also made the rich farmers richer at the cost of the poor being poorer, since the costs of the new technologies are not easily accessible, but the yields that they provide take the small farmers out of business. In general, although certain governments sponsor the Green Revolution and make it seem positive, it has brought about large changes in the way humans interact with the environment, with a generalized destruction of it to get short-term solutions to the problem of food shortages.

Fall of the House of Usher

â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allen Poe is a story riddled with deeper meanings than the superficial plot line and analogies to draw. With the first read through, the story seems quite confusing in a sickly twisted sort of way, but upon further reading, it becomes clear that there are meanings hidden deep down in the plot. There are many comparisons that can be made in this story but the most obvious one would be the connection between the lives of the characters and the house in which they dwell.Poe does a good job at purposely confusing the reader as to whether he is talking about the literal house of Usher or the metaphorical house of Usher. The literal house is described as being in rough condition, with a crack from the top of the house to the bottom. It has tarn around the outside of it and is in a general state of disrepair. As Poe describes how the literal house of usher is nearly ready to crumble, he also speaks of the metaphorical house of Usher. The metaphorical house of usher is also ready to crumble. This is because the house of Usher was inbred, leaving all of its members except two diseased.Roderick Usher and Madeleine Usher were the only two Ushers left in the line of Ushers, and they were both very ill. Madeleine suffers from fits that render her immobile, and appearing dead. Roderick on the other hand has heightened senses and is acutely aware of every tiny last detail that is happening around him. Both Roderick and Madeleine are on the verge of death and it is only a matter of time who goes first. This can again be related to the literal house of Usher because due to the fissure running down the foundation of the house, it is only a matter of time which side collapses first.Poe does a good job at creating a sense of claustrophobia in the house by making it seem small and difficult to navigate. He also creates a sense of mental claustrophobia within the narrator by making the narrator unable to get away from the literal and figurative house of Usher. In the end of the story, when Madeleine breaks out of her tomb and kills Roderick, this is the fall of the metaphorical house of Usher, because after this point, there are no more ushers seeing as they have both died.As soon as the narrator flees the madhouse, this is the fall of the literal house of Usher. Immediately after the narrators departure from the house, the fissure from the top to the bottom of the house enlarges and the house literally collapses. It is clearly seen throughout Poe's story that both the literal and figurative houses of Usher are meant to have a nearly perfect parallel plot throughout the entire story. The literal house collapses, as does the figurative, and they both collapse in the same way.

0610 BIOLOGY Essays (1277 words) - Secondary Education In England

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2007 question paper 0610 BIOLOGY 0610/02 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2007 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 1 (a) (i) leaf B has parallel veins/veins not branched; [1] (ii) organism D has body divided into segments/rings/OWTTE; [1] (iii) organism E has four pairs of/eight legs/limbs ; I - ref to cephalothorax (erroneous) [1] (iv) organism G has more than 4 pairs of legs/limbs/non-identical/varied legs/limbs/2 regions to body/cephalothorax and abdomen; I refs to exoskeleton [1] N.B. No letter given no mark (b) show division of 50/5; (magnification) x10/times 10; R 10mm If no working then 2 marks for correct magnification If wrong working can gain 1 mark for correct magnification I ratios [2] [Total: 6] 2 (a) A = sepal/calyx; B = anther/stamen; Accept androecium [2] (b) to receive/trap pollen/OWTTE; Accept ref to male gamete [1] (c) 1 no nectary (in wind pollinated flower); 2 smaller/less obvious petals (in wind pollinated flower); 3 stamens outside of petals/flowers (in wind pollinated flower); 4 stigma/style outside of petals/flowers (in wind pollinated flower); 5 feathery stigma (in wind pollinated flower); any two 1 mark each [2] (d) process flowering plant human fertilisation germination implantation pollination sexual intercourse Each vertical column correct 1 mark each [2] I crosses in other boxes Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 (e) (i) 1 dispersed by animals/mammals/birds/named examples; R insects 2 red outer coat attracts them; 3 flesh encourages them to eat fruit; 4 seeds hard coats allow it to avoid digestion/discourage swallowing; 5 dispersal in faeces/dropped while removing flesh; any three 1 mark each [3] (ii) 1 moisture/water/OWTTE; 2 with minerals/named mineral; 3 warm conditions/suitable/optimum temperature; 4 in light/not shaded area; any three 1 mark each [3] [Total: 13] 3 (a) continuous (variation); [1] (b) (i) plotted as four bars, all clearly identified (beneath or on bar); accurate plotting (+/ half a square); [2] (ii) genes/alleles/genotype/DNA/OWTTE; [1] (c) (i) a change/alteration in a gene/allele/DNA/chromosome/chromosome number; [1] (ii) chemical/named example/cigarette tar; (gamma/beta/alpha/ionising) radiation; X rays; UV light; any two 1 mark each [2] [Total: 7] Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 4 (a) (i) F; [1] (ii) E; [1] (iii) no tropical forest left/all destroyed; [1] (iv) D; [1] (b) (i) bacteria/fungi; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide; minerals/named mineral salt/ion; I nutrients R nitrogen (gas) [2] (c) 1 crops take/use mineral salts from soil; 2 crop removed from land; 3 soil becomes infertile/low in mineral salts; 4 crop yield drops to worthless levels; 5 no fresh/replacement of humus/no recycling of materials; 6 crumb structure lost; any three 1 mark each [3] [Total: 10] 5 (a) (i) carbon compounds in animals; [1] (ii) C; D; E; any two 1 mark each [2] (iii) B; [1] (iv) A; [1] (b) (i) arrow labelled P parallel to C but in opposite direction/ linking boxes from air to plants around outside of diagram; [1] (ii) carbon dioxide + water; = glucose/(simple) sugar/starch + oxygen; [2] I ref to water on product side A correct formula as substitute for word no need for equation to be balanced [Total: 8] Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE May/June 2007 0610 02 UCLES 2007 6 (a) A; D; E; [3] I named parts (b) root hair cell 1 long extension/description to cell; 2 increase surface area (for absorption); 3 no chloroplasts/chlorophyll; 4 underground/hidden from light; [4] I - ref to photosynthesis

Curriculum and course design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Curriculum and course design - Research Paper Example Too Much Data 7 3.1.1.What Could Be Done? 7 3.2. Too Many Exercises 8 3.2.1.What Could Be Done? 8 3.3. Availability of Answer Key 8 3.3.1.What Could Be Done? 8 3.4.Vocabulary List 8 3.4.1.What Could Be Done? 8 3.5.Daily Mini Diary 9 3.5.1.What Could Be Done? 9 4.Good Class Room Material 9 4.1. Informative and Authentic Reading Material 9 4.2. Computer and Internet 10 4.3.Worksheets and Quizzes 10 4.4.Creative Exercises 10 5. Conclusion 10 1. Introduction Robert Burshfield (author of the book: ‘Unlocking the English Language’) believes: "Any literate, educated person on the face of the globe is deprived, if he does not know English". English, being the language which is most widely published and spoken by more than 250 to 350 million non-native speakers, is now the prerequisite for anyone to consider himself as part of the new concept of globalization. Having an international recognition it is the most commonly spoken and used language as compared to any other colonial la nguages like French, Spanish, etc. In Asian countries like Indian, with variety of languages, English is commonly used as a source to unite them. As a medium of language in schools, court of law, newspaper and other electronic media, it is spoken and written in India, more than in England itself. Having more than 508 million speakers across the globe, English is not used as world language due to number of its speakers but because it is widely used as the foreign or secondary language outside its native areas. This importance of English as a global language, initiated the concept of making it an entire course added as a part to the curriculum of schools across the globe. The course dose not only provide value addition in form another language to the learner but also opens new broad horizons to better understanding of English culture, heritage and civilization. Taking into account the importance of English language, it is concluded that this course is very beneficial to students in se condary school, who do have some previous knowledge of English but lack the full command on it as a language. The benefits will be further highlighted in the report. There is room for some suggestions to further improve the course content which would also be covered as part of the report. 2. Usefulness of Course – A Critical Analysis 2.1. Global Benefits 2.1.1. Jobs and Career As we talked about the new emerging concept of globalization, in the above introductory paragraph, we identify that English language enjoys the recognition of an international language used as a common medium of communication among people from various cultures. The audience of the course is Secondary School entry level students, who in later stage will be required to relocate globally for the purpose of education, jobs, etc. When required to work in diverse cultures, having acquired a command on an international language, they will possess a value addition tool that will help them gain a competitive edg e in their field. They will be preferred over students who lack the element of a common language that is used across the organization in any multinational. 2.1.2. Education In the field of education, globally every university or high school offers courses having English as primary language for instructions. The students having good command in this language will feel more comfortable while selecting their course and will have a more diverse variety of options for selection.

Stem Cell Rubric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stem Cell Rubric - Research Paper Example However, there are certain advantages in using embryonic stem cells (ESC) that the others still cannot provide. Unlike ESC that are known to come from pre-implanted embryos, the source of ASC is still to be discovered. By some reason still unknown to researchers, ESC proliferate and remain undifferentiated for a year longer than ASC do. In addition, ESC have the potential to differentiate into all cell types of the body, while ASC can only differentiate into the cell types of its tissue of origin. Also, it is much easier to increase the number of ESC than that of ASC (National Institutes of Health, 2009). For example, if it is hematopoietic ASC, then it can only be induced to form blood cells. However, despite the seemingly more advantageous ESC, ASC are believed to induce less graft transplantation reaction, as it can be derived from the patients themselves (National Institutes of Health, 2009). Benefits of Stem Cell Research Arguably, the most important benefit of stem cell researc h is the use of these cells in stem cell transplantation therapy. In fact, for 40 years already, hematopoietic or blood-forming ASC from bone marrow have been used in transplants to cure health conditions such as leukemia (National Institutes of Health, 2009). ... It is important to develop therapies for these illnesses, especially cancer and cardiovascular diseases, as these occupy the top of the list of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aside from that, further stem cell research (SCR) paves the way for more discoveries, such as the regulating factors behind stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. These factors, in the future, may be used in the regeneration of destroyed tissues, such as that in myocardial infarction, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In addition, these pluripotent cells can provide a better observation of human development from embryo to infancy. This then may lead to researches on the abnormal cellular development, as seen in physical birth defects, genetic abnormalities and cancer. Large amount of cells grown in vivo from stem cells may also be used in easier and safer testing of drug safety and effectiveness (Johnson and Williams, 2006). Disadvantages of Stem Cell Research Whic h Lives to Save Despite the many scientific advancements contributed by stem cell research, many still argue against it. One argument reasons that the fertilized eggs used in SCR are already alive, and thus it is not right to take someone else’s life, no matter for what purpose. Partly causing such conflict stems from the fact that until now, there is no specific age of gestation at which life has been pinpointed to start at. The Health Risk of Stem Cell Therapy Another argument against SCR claims that the chemical and biological factors used to manipulate the cells in vivo can cause adverse effects once the resulting specialized cells from them are transplanted to humans for therapy. For example, viruses from the

How does ideology shape the way we think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How does ideology shape the way we think - Essay Example Adorno was a formidable and shrewd dialectician. A considerable amount of his hypothetical work centered on and emphasized the manifest tensions that exist intrinsically within dealings between opposites (Horkheimer and Adorno 2007). In Adornos comprehensive idea of a premise of the social, these dialectical associations function on different levels, and also with each other. Adorno’s Views on Capitalism. Adorno stated that capitalism provided people with the goods from a culture industry, which he viewed as being the opposite of proper art, to keep them passively contented and politically lethargic. Adorno observed that capitalism had not become more unstable or come close to collapsing, as Marx had forecasted. Rather, it had apparently grown to be more well-established. Where Marx had concentrated on economics Adorno stressed on the function of culture in preserving the status quo. Adorno stated that culture industries are constantly providing an artificial collection of sentimental and unsophisticated products that then substitute the more intricate and significant art forms which have the capacity to compel people to actually challenge the existing social life (Horkheimer and Adorno 2007). The desire for false, artificial, or unimportant needs is nurtured in people by most culture industries. These are wants and requirements that can be realized by the capitalist structure, and which substitute peoples real desires such as authentic creative happiness, freedom, and the uninhibited expression of human creativity and potential. Commodity fetishism, Adorno stressed, is encouraged by media and advertising enterprises. They are the existing proof that cultural experiences as well as social relations have been objectified for the sake of realizing profits. Consumers today measure the value of a product or service by their cost. Music products as well as popular media are also typified by pseudo-individualisation and

Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marijuana - Essay Example Now, with better research and newly developed technology, scientists have found that all natural supplements are healthier for treatment of certain illnesses. Medicinal application marijuana, for instance, has many benefits and some doctors prescribe marijuana to patients with diseases ranging from Alzheimer to HIV, to help with treatments. The common people could also use it to control their stress or become less depressed, which makes life a lot simpler and easier to handle when time gets rough. Even though marijuana portrays many medicinal benefits, it should not only be used for medical purposes but should also be regulated like alcohol (which is toxic) and tobacco, whose consumption is in some cases worse than using marijuana. There are currently big debates going on in Congress and all over the world, on whether to legalize marijuana or not. This occurs at a time when most of the Americans have at least tried marijuana, or are using it to help them overcome stress. The drug is also an ‘all-natural’ plant that can be grown anywhere in the world; it has a high demand, and its supply is high. Drug lords and its growers however started adding chemicals that cause users to become addicted to their product and after a while of use, the consumers start using stronger drugs. That is why marijuana is called a gateway drug. If the bill in Congress passes for marijuana, the Food and Drug Administration will supervise the product. It will be offered, for everyone to buy, at the pharmacy. Gangs and drug dealers will not sell it on the streets, due to the vast drop in prices from the legalization of marijuana, and its consequential easy access to the public. Right now, if there were no marijuana in the streets, people would have no other choice but to use worse drugs, like cocaine, or crystal meth; those types of drugs that can affect a person’s health physically, mentally, and they become desperate to obtain these drugs at any necessary means. In S audi Arabia for instance, the people do not accept drugs socially or religiously. However, I feel that if the government looked into the positive effects of marijuana, there would be a change in the view of marijuana among the citizens of Saudi Arabia. If everyone smoked a little of it every day, the euphoria feeling would overcome all other emotions and there would be fewer problems, and less crimes. People will become more relaxed, and better able to communicate with each other respectfully. It would also develop an environment where people love each other; everyone would have less stress, and become mellower and the world would become a more peaceful place. More research should however be done to test the pros and cons of marijuana, then the government should weigh out the results. As a democracy, the United States of America should allow its people to vote on whether to legalize it or not. In my opinion, I believe that whether Congress will legalize it or not, it will take the n ext five years for them to reach a final decision. I however do not think it is necessary to prolong the debate on whether to legalize it or not. This issue should be resolved soon because it could change people’s lives in the United States, even people who have never tried this drug. In conclusion, marijuana is a useful and helpful drug that Americans need in their lives. It has both medicinal and social value that promises benefits to the society. Its

Managerial Economics Week 6 Individual Work 1 Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 6 Individual Work 1 - Assignment Example However, the decision may be affecting passengers and the public. The policy of increasing charges luggage fees can increase revenues for airlines. U.S. airlines collected more than a billion dollars in baggage fees for overweight bags, or extra bags in 2008. The revenue was an increase of 148 percent from the previous year. From a managerial perspective, the decision by U.S airways to charge $25 luggage fees for first checked bags was the best decision for the airline. Fluctuating oil prices are a major constraint and limiting resources that affect decisions of most managers. Given the high operation costs for maintaining an airline firm in the market decision such as developing luggage fees may become beneficial to the airline. Managers in US airline decided to charge luggage fees as one of the best alternative to solve the problem of increased costs of oil and operational costs for the air travel. Airlines are companies meaning they need to make decisions that boost their revenues. Increases in revenues enable airlines to remain competitive in the industry. The increase in oil prices is an evident phenomenon all over the world. The world economy is also unstable. Volatility in oil prices and world economic downturn are some of the biggest challenges the airline industry has to face today. Increased o il prices and security costs are major reasons explaining operational losses for many passenger airline companies. It is because of such costs that airline companies such as US airway decide to implement revenue generating fees for services that traditionally were part of the air ticket prices. The fact that charging luggage fees in enraging passengers a lot raises many questions, for example, should the U.S. airway and other airline firms continue charging luggage fees or should they include the fees in the ticket price? While most passengers accepted

Comparing Unethical versus Ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparing Unethical versus Ethical - Essay Example The leaders were ethical by showing courage and standing for what was right and by deciding to offer these bonuses to the executive in these conditions. Furthermore, AIG leaders showed respect to the executive by honoring their contract, and they strived for fairness, honesty and straightforwardness for the sake of these executives. Giving bonuses to the executives is a way of encouraging and developing them; hence, it is an indication of ethical leadership. Therefore, in this situation AIG leaders can be considered ethical by possessing these attributes, portrayed through the decision of giving bonuses to the executives. According to Kellerman and Matusak (4), participative leaders commit themselves as members of the team, whereby they discuss with the team members in the decision-making process. Therefore, they seek consensus in order to make the final decision. For example, a participative leader seeks a consensus during negotiations, whereby he or she settles at a deal after consulting with the other team members. On the other hand, the authoritarian leadership is known to dictate task and timelines for completing the assignment for group in order to achieve the set objective. For example, authoritarian leadership style can be applied during a crisis, when the leader has to take control of a situation. Nevertheless, these leaders do not involve members of the team in decision-making. Servant leadership focuses on leading through virtue aimed at satisfying the needs of the team members. Therefore, this leader establishes a form of democracy among the team members. For example, democratic leaders are keen to listen to the members of the team, whereby the members are given the chance to offer their ideas to the process of decision-making. Moreover, power is achieved by these leaders through values and ideals, though there are convictions that this style of leadership is behind other leadership styles. Stewardship style of

Conservation of the Everglades National Park Research Paper

Conservation of the Everglades National Park - Research Paper Example The Park is home to several species of wildlife such as herons, egrets, wood storks, red-shouldered hawks, snail kites, wild turkeys, woodpeckers, and warblers. In addition, it is the only Park in the world with two contrasting species of animals coexisting in the same ecosystem. For example, alligators, commonly found in temperate climatic zones, live with crocodiles, only found in tropical zones. Since the Park receives both freshwater and saltwater from different sources, plants and animals from temperate and tropical climatic zones are a common feature. Funding from external sources is necessary to support conservation programs aimed at preserving the existing ecosystem, as well as develop lasting solutions to slow down the effects of global warming on the Park’s flora and fauna. Diversity and biological interrelationships among the life forms in the area During the dry season often experienced between December and April, the alligator digs out large holes in the limestone that provides shelter for turtles, insects, wading birds, and fish. These holes provide a secure place for these animals to cool down during the day before returning to their habitats at night (Spoolman & Miller, 2011). Moreover, during the wet seasons, alligators spread out the marshes floating on the water to make way for wading birds and other freshwater animals. The life cycle of the snail kites is dependent upon the availability of the apple snail, which is its staple prey in the Park. Due to the seasonal water flow affecting the Park, the population of the apple snails is diminishing, endangering the survival of the snail kites. Thus, conservancy strategies have been put in place to control the use of water in the Park so as to reverse the current seasonal dry spells that, for years, have disrupted the Park’s ecosystem. For there to be a stable balance between the predators and their prey, conservancy programs should be modeled towards reversing the effects of global w arming currently affecting the flora and fauna native to the Park (Balint, Stewart, Desai, & Walters, 2011). Mangrove trees provide nesting grounds for different species of birds living in the Park. Furthermore, snakes prey on these birds for survival, thus keeping the mangrove forest intact would strengthen this food chain, providing a balance between the two species dominant in the Park. Human intrusions threatening the Park Although the Park is protected from the inside, its surroundings are constantly being destroyed by human activities, such as building canals to redirect water from the river for irrigation. The water channeled off the Park is being utilized by the neighboring communities to water their plantations, as well as for domestic use. Besides, the canal’s major objective is to control flooding during the rainy season when water from the springs overflows to the plantations surrounding the Park (Parrish, 2011). Water from the â€Å"River of Grass† is curr ently being used to irrigate sugarcane plantations located between the Park and Lake Okeechobee. It is said that the river no longer flows to the Park as it used to when the Park was opened since most of the water is being tapped for domestic and industrial use.

The Role of Self- Reflection in Fifth Business By Brooke von Schilling Essay Example for Free

The Role of Self- Reflection in Fifth Business By Brooke von Schilling Essay Self-reflection makes happiness more accessible. This is shown in the book Fifth Business by a contrast of characters, such as introvert and extrovert. In the book Dunstan Ramezay is shown as an introvert and spends his entire life focusing on the spiritual aspect of himself and others. Dunstan is a self-reflecting person who does not find joy in material things, but finds happiness in the wisdom of the spirit. On the contrary, Percy Staunton only finds joy in the material things that life brings him. Percy must have the best of everything and finds joy in showing those things to the world. He loves to prove that he is better than everyone else because of the things he has. Although Percy is joyous for a small amount of time, he is always searching for something bigger and better than what he already has. Other characters show the importance of spiritual aspects of the world and how humans have destroyed the freedom of wonder and self-reflection. To make sense of life and all its marvels you must be self-reflecting. Dunstan is taught that in order to move forward and become successful he must reflect in himself and forgive himself for doing what all humans do. Father Blazon says â€Å"forgive yourself for being a human creature, Ramezay. That is the beginning of wisdom. † Blazon is saying that by letting go of the average mistakes Dunstan will be able to focus on what he needs to and have better knowledge of himself because he is not stuck on his small mistakes. This quote can relate to all humans because everyone needs to be able to forgive himself or herself to move past what they have done. This proves that self-reflection makes happiness more accessible because by moving past the insignificant things the spirit is able to focus on becoming greater. By self-reflecting one is able to see the marvels in everyday. People are always trying to find marvels in material items but by seeing the marvels that one holds within will make one truly happy. â€Å"Why do people all over the world and at all times want marvels that defy all verifiable fact? And are the marvels brought into being by their desire, or is their desire and assurance rising from some deep knowledge, not to be directly experienced and questioned, that the marvelous is indeed an aspect of the real. (202) This quote is made by Liesl, she is saying that people spend too much time obsessing over the things in life that wont bring you true happiness instead of focusing on the inner desires. This quote is saying that the marvels that are desired by the spirit are what will bring happiness. This point is also shown by Father Blazon when he states â€Å"Life itself is too great a miracle to make so much of a fuss about dotty little reversals of the natural order. † By self-reflection one is able to look past the small details and see what a miracle everyday life is. Also, this quote teaches that one needs to be able to make sense of themselves so they can make sense of life and all of its wonder. It is easier for one to make their own happiness than to wait upon others. By relying on yourself you can find out what you truly need and find ways to receive it, but if you depend on others then you only think about what others are willing to provide. This is shown in the quote: â€Å"He had to run his mission by begging, and that sometimes begging yielded nothing; when this happened he prayed for help and had never been refused what he needed. (118) When the man relied on others to get what he needed he did not always succeed but when he found it within himself to pray for what he needed then he was more successful. By praying the man looked inside himself and thought about what he really needed and asked for it, instead of just taking what anyone would give him. This quote proves that happiness is more accessible when you self reflect because he accepted the fact that he needed help, he knew exactly what he needed, and he received it when he looked inside himself. The only way someone can be truly happy is if they rely upon themselves. Dunstan states that nobody- not even my mother- was to be trusted in a strange world that showed so very little of itself in the surface. Dunstan is saying that everyone has their inner desires and needs but they dont show them on the surface. He is saying that you should trust nobody but yourself because youre the only one that knows exactly what you want. In this quote Dunstan relates to his mother because she is the one h should be able to trust the most but really the only person he can trust is himself. You never know what others truly think of you or your desires so you should only listen to your inner self. By self-reflecting Dunstan is able to know his desires and figure out a way to reach them, because he cant show the things he want on the surface. Education does not teach one to self-reflect or to show their true desires. One simply has to look within themselves to realize what you want. Our world relies so much on education that people forget to strive for their passion. Eisengrim teaches this when he states We have educated ourselves into a world from which wonder and fear and dread and splendor and freedom of wonder have been banished. This quote is saying that People are so focused on what they need to learn to be successful that they forget to look within themselves and find their aspiration. Eisengrim is a magician and he looked within himself to figure out what he really wanted to be. He is one of the best at what he does so this teaches that if you look inside yourself and find your true desire you can be great at anything you do. Education was not needed for Eisengrim to be great at what he did because unlike most people, he felt the freedom to wonder what his passion was. Eisengrim is a great example to show that self-reflection makes happiness more accessible. You cannot always rely on others to make you happy, sometimes the best way to be happy is to know what excites you and keep doing whatever that may be. Even if the world is trying to bring you down, if you know yourself and the reasons you did the things you did, you can always be happy. Mrs. Dempster showed this when Dunstan explains that: She knew she was in disgrace with the world, but did not feel disgraced; she knew she was jeered at, but felt no humiliation. She lived by a light that arose from within. Dunstan explains that even though the whole world is against Mrs. Dempster she was still happy because she was happy with herself. This proves that self-reflection makes happiness more accessible because if she had not been happy with herself then she would feel disgraced and humiliated. She knew the reasons why she did what she did so there was no need to let what others said bother her. Because Mrs. Dempster was an introvert she did not feel the need to have a good reputation, all she needed was her own approval. Self-reflection is all one needs to be truly happy with themselves.

Management in Libraries Essay Example for Free

Management in Libraries Essay Economic threat to the libraries by escalation of books and journals, fewer resources, constant growth changes in technology and user high expectation have shown that management is the critical factor that determines efficiency and effectiveness of all types of libraries. Thus managers are expected to play different functions in order to be effective and efficient. In this assignment different functions and roles played by managers in different libraries are discussed showing how they improve efficiency and effectiveness and different laws of library management are discussed. DEFINITION OF TERMS Management Effectiveness defined by Bateman, T is â€Å"doing things right†. This means that the manager has the responsibility for selecting the right goals and appropriate means to achieving it. Efficiency is measuring the cost of attaining a given goal, concerned about how resources such as money, time, equipment, personnel obtain given goals. Thus a manager needs to be effective and efficient in order to achieve the goals of the library. MAIN DISCUSSION Library management comprise more than just making changes, it involves managing ongoing operations in the optimal fashion for your institution in the context of its goals, other department’s activities and patrons needs. Thus we realize that different libraries may require managerial different managerial skills in order to perform their duties effectively. Managers help in giving direction to the library showing where it is going. Library management involves planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning is about systematical making decisions about the library goals. In planning the manager defines the objectives the objectives of the library, stating the purpose of its existence, defining the user community and their information needs. This is important as it facilitates efficiency. It helps in understanding the library stakeholders. A public library is an omnibus organization. It carters for everyone in the community thus the need for every user must be known and fulfilled. A public library serves a diverse community of adults, children and teens thus a manager has to plan on resources to be acquired. A manager can plan on different resources that can be acquired ranging from entertainment, fiction, nonfiction for general research, children story books because there are no specific users, the resources must benefit everyone in the society. A manager also organize and coordinate human, financial , physical, informational and other resources needed to achieve library goals. The manager establishes the activity authority relationship of the library. The activities necessary to achieve the objectives are then grouped into working divisions, departments and grouped together. In an academic library a manager can group together activities like accession and cataloguing The manager has to establish standards for performance; this will make sure that the library is performing in such a way as to arrive at its destination. According to Griffin â€Å"controlling helps to ensure effective and efficiency needed for successful management† As a leader the manager is responsible for staffing which is concerned with allocating prospective employees to fulfill the jobs created by organizing process. It involves the process of reviewing the credentials of the candidates of the jobs and trying to match the job demand with the application s abilities keeping each employee qualified. It also involves the development and implementation of a system for appraising performance and providing feedback for performance improvement. In a special library where the main target is a specific audience, for example ZIMRA library its serves the ZIMRA staff and mainly the manager have to recruit someone who posses research skills because mainly it deals with research for its company. The manager is responsible for choosing the right candidate, who knows how to research, even on the internet where there is information overload the candidate must be able to extract relevant information using the right search engine, mainly in a special library every one depend on the information provided by the librarian. The manager is also responsible for keeping the librarian qualified for the job by providing ongoing training since the librarianship profession is dynamic thus this will improve effectiveness and efficiency of libraries. A manager also gives s direction that will help the library in achieving its goals. Directing builds a climate, provides leadership and arranges the opportunity for motivation this is further explained by Rachel’s laws of library management, it says save time of your staff. This means that the staff must be given support they need for them to achieve goals effectively and efficiently this include providing training for them where it is needed. Each boss must plan and oversee the wok of each of his or her subordinates. In an academic library there are different services offered for example cataloguing and accession section can be directed by one manager then the E- resource section can be under another manager e- journals purchased, subscriptions etc. This will ease the load as one manager is focusing on a specific service thus he spend more time trying to improve the services and working with his subordinates and improves efficiency in the library. As a manager attempts to perform the managerial job effectively and efficiently there is a need to ‘wear different hats’ in interaction with employees. Managers interacts with others besides subordinates they work with other peer level managers in some other departments and outside contacts (suppliers and clients). Thus a manager is building contacts through which to gather information. Rachel agrees with this in the laws of management which says library resources are for use. A library manager is expected to connect resources with the user achieving the library goals. Through the liaison role a manager is able to network with other libraries. Academic libraries can practice resource sharing if there are shortages of material in specific departments the two libraries can share the available resources to both libraries and this will give the patrons a wide variety of information thus fulfilling their needs, this will improve efficiency. The manager is exposed to new ideas or methods that may improve the work unit operations. The manager initiates activities that will allow and encourage the work unit to use the idea most advantageously. Rachel’s law of management says that a library is a growing organism. A manager needs to open to change and help the library evolve to meet the needs of patrons. We can look at public library, the introduction of automation the staff may resist change having fear of losing their jobs thus a manager is responsible for encouraging and motivating the staff showing them the advantages of automating the library services and how it can reduce their workload, providing training for them thus the duties are performed effectively and efficiently satisfying the needs of different patrons. An effective manager is an active leader who creates a positive work environment in which the organization and its employees have the opportunity and incentive to achieve high performance (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) In order to perform duties effectively and efficiently Rachel says that â€Å"every task its doer†. The manager encourages ownership and responsibility to each staff member. Every staff member his/ her work, the manager must know people’s skills and strength and staff can then be deployed according to their abilities then the duties can be done perfectly improving effectiveness and efficiency in a library. Even though the staff is divided according to their abilities it is the duty of a manager to create a spirit oneness and togetherness amongst the subordinates. They should work as a team to achieve the library goals; Bavakuty M (2000) agrees that libraries can become effective and efficient by â€Å"strong top management support, a system approach and strategic planning, a customer focus, an emphasis on employee team work, empowerment training, the use of measurement and analysis technique and commitment to continuous improvement†. The manager seeks and receives wide variety of special information to develop through the understanding of the library and the environment, emerges as the nerve centre about the library. The manager monitors internal and external events, ideas, trends and analysis. The manager then uses the information to detect changes, problems and opportunities and to construct decision making scenario. The manager as the disseminator transmits information from other employees to other members of the library. The manager can bring external information received into the organization and facilitate internal flow of information. Thus we realize that management is the heart of any type of library and facilitate efficiency and effectiveness. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bavakutty, M (2000). Management of libraries In the 21st Century. Ess Ess Publication. India. Griffin, R. (1987). Management 2nd editition. Maffin Co Mohant, T. C. (2008). Research Methodology in Library Science. alpha Publishers India. Plunket, R. (1983). Introduction to Management. Kent Publication. United States of Amenrica.

Crime in Human nature

Crime in Human nature Introduction I believe that some humans are born inherently good and are all born with a clean slate. I believe that some people commit crimes because of biological, psychological and sociological reasons. I also believe that environment causes people to change and become evil over time. This change can be from good to bad and can be temporary or permanent. In essence, you might have committed a violent crime in the past and now have become a born again Christian. There is also the population that never commits a serious offense but will continue to break minor laws. And last but not least are those who are good and continue to be good throughout life with little or no deviation. These are all reasons of why I believe humans are born inherently good. As I stated, events throughout ones life can cause them to change and go bad. For example, if your father abused you when you were a child and that transposed in to you abusing your child. Then there is a high probability that your child we grow up to abuse his children. In regards to the example, some theorists would argue that this family has criminal genes and that this type of abuse is hereditary. Not all child abuse victims grow up to abuse. In rehabilitation, a child could be removed from an abusive situation and overtime heal not go on to repeat abusive acts. So, I do believe in rehabilitation. In this research paper I will be discussing some of the many theories of crime to support my opinion of why I believe people are inherently good, not evil. The first school I will use to support my opinion of why people are inherently good is the positivist school. The positivist school began in the late nineteenth century and ignited a scientific revolution in criminology. It was founded by Cesare Lombroso and his students Enrico Ferri and Raffaele Garofalo. These were known as the founders of positivist criminology. They focused more on the actual criminals and not the crimes themselves Summary Classical criminologists focus on the crimes themselves and not the actual individuals who commit crimes. Positivist criminologists stress the causes of criminal behavior, such as causation and multiple factor causation. Just like I suggest, positivists agree that ones individual behavior is more or less determined by factors with the individual or in his or her external environment (Curran Renzetti, p. 16). The positivist school uses the scientific method in order to find the reasons and causes of criminality. Through history, human behavior has been measured and recorded and used to make important theories of why crimes are committed. Classical criminologists believe that crime is committed by offenders and that decision to commit crimes is not a result of rational decision and that it is out of their control. If that were to be true, then what good would punishment do? If crimes are committed because people are inherently evil, then punishment would be ineffective. Positivists and I believe that offenders should be committed to treatment in order to have a chance at being rehabilitated and that people are inherently good. With the strategy of rehabilitation, criminologists can measure multiple offenders progress from intake to release. This provides positivist criminologists a starting and ending point for measurement comparing offenders and rehabilitation. Criminologists can also conduct ongoing evaluations over one individuals life and recommend certain treatments to continue the rehabilitation process after initial release. For some, the rehabilitation process can take a lifetime, for others it could be quicker, depending on ones condition. Unlike the Classical School, the Positivist School believes that strict standard sentences are detrimental to the rehabilitation process. Positivist School believes in indeterminate sentencing for offenders. This type of sentencing allows for more flexible correctional strategies to aid in offenders rehabilitation into society. This would allow for each offender to be sentenced to just the right amount of time in a correctional facility that would aid in his or her rehabilitation. Thus, determinate and or mandatory sentencing policies are not part of the Positivist School and are of the Classical School. Opposed to the classical school, the criminal justice system has a duty to treat offenders of all types of crimes and to rehabilitate them back in to society Conclusion Next, the Chicago school will be discussed to support my opinion of why external factors cause humans to commit crimes. The Chicago school looks at crime and individuals from the sociological perspective of external factors. Unlike theorists that see internal factors such as biological, physiological and psychological as reasons to support theories of why people commit crime. Those internal factors mentioned would belong to the classical school of criminality and theories of crime not in favor of my opinion of why people are inherently good. The Chicago school was founded in 1892 at the University of Chicago. Many members of the facilities had similar upbringings and beliefs. They were children of skilled parents, born in small rural towns and lived on acres of land. Well in the 1900s a surge of immigrants, mainly from African American and European descent came to live and work in Chicago and other industrialized cities like it. Many of them had no money at all, and their cultural and religious beliefs were different than that of contemporary America at the time. In response to the increase of population, especially from immigration, the Chicago sociologists decided to bring on a social transformation. Social deviance was studied to see whether inner cities have higher rates of crime than that of urban areas further away from the center of the city. Robert Park from the Chicago School found that the further one moved away from the center of the city, the less chance of being involved in a crime. So for individuals living in the center of the city, social disorganization would occur. This is a result from their study in Chicago in 1928. Inner cities were mixed with different groups of people that had different beliefs and values, there were no social norms and it was a socially disorganized area. All of the social external factors such as values and norms created a break down since no two groups could agree on a common social goal. These external factors brought a breakdown in the inner-city and several forms of social deviance occurred, the end result was crime. Like Shaw and McKay, I believe that the best way to control crime is to prevent juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency is a major course of concern because many juvenile delinquents become career criminals. A study by Shaw and McKay showed that external factors in inner-city life caused higher juvenile delinquency rates. They actually concluded that race or ethnicity were causes of crime. Shaw and McKay also found that it was the neighborhoods themselves that caused one person to become a delinquent and the other not to be. Those neighborhoods in the city were in poor condition, with sub standard living arrangements. Based on my opinion from the above studies, I would suggest some changes for the criminal justice system. For example, police departments could focus more of their efforts on community policing and some of their efforts on hard nose policing. I believe that a mixture of both policing strategies has to be used in order to reduce all types of crimes. For example, hard nose policing should be introduced into the neighborhoods that consistently have high crime rates. Like in the study by Park in Chicago, neighborhoods with little to no crime would probably not need such a hard nose policing strategy and be better suited for community policing and mild patrols. But the inner city or Zone 1 as in their study would need a harder nose policing strategy. Community policing would not work well in the inner-city or Zone 1 because many of the individuals did not communicate or reside in that loop. The court systems use a combination of indeterminate, determinate and mandatory sentencing policies depending on what State and crime you are talking about. They use different sentencing policies to ensure the safety and welfare of the public and to keep repeat and violent offenders behind bars. We cant just have a bunch of convicted violent offenders with ankle bracelets all over the streets, one could say. Lesser offense non violent crimes are better applied to indeterminate sentencing. Indeterminate sentencing believes in rehabilitation and treating offenders to ensure that they will not repeat or commit a new crime. Some states have a combination of indeterminate programs and indeterminate sentencing systems in their courts. For example, when the judge says 5 to 10 years, he is giving a range, this is indeterminate sentence. If the judge were to say ten years, then that would be determinate or mandatory based on the crime. If it were California, then it would be a mandatory third strike and youre out policy. In Utah indeterminate sentencing is used, allowing inmates a chance to be released early from prison. Inmates might have a sentence reduction if they show good behavior. In the above example which takes place in Utah, an offender can get out in five years instead of the full ten, if he or she completes all necessary programs, shows good behavior and has been rehabilitated. Different statutes have different sentencing ranges for crimes committed. When it comes time to get released, the Board of Pardons and Parole will decide on when you will actually leave prison. Indeterminate sentencing gives hope to offenders and a chance for them to take responsibility for their actions and lives. This is because their release dates from prison are on how well they behave in prison and what positive changes they have made in life. This type of sentencing gives a different board a chance to see the validity between the actual crime and the person themselves. Indeterminate sentencing is one method that the criminal justice system uses to help in controlling and preventing crime. In regards to the death penalty, I think that we should continue to use it. Certain criminals should not be allowed to be rehabilitated. Rehabilitation is a privilege and should only be given to those who have committed murder or some other type of heinous crime. If people are inherently good, can the death penalty be legitimately used?

The Progressive Era Essay example -- essays research papers

Industrialization led to the rise of big businesses at the expense of the worker. Factory laborers faced long hours, low wages, and unsanitary conditions. The large corporations protected themselves by allying with political parties. The parties, in turn, were controlled by party leaders, rather than by the members. Many people felt that all power rested with the politicians and businessmen. Reformers known as Progressives attempted to undo the problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive movement sought to end the influence of large corporations, provide more rights and benefits to workers, and end the control possessed by party leaders. At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which improving working conditions, exposing corruption, improving the way of life, expanding democracy, and making reforms were the objectives at hand. With the emergence of the Progressive Era two important figures gradually emerged as well. One of the mentioned figures, President Theodore Roosevelt, succeeded to the Presidency when President McKinley was assassinated in 1901, helped the Progressive movement greatly. Another figure, although a Democrat is Woodrow Wilson who much like Roosevelt still pushed for progressive reforms. Each of the mentioned figures did their share in re-establishing a â€Å"fair† government that would work for the people and not for the large corporations and mon...

Alcohol Policy Done Wrong :: Argumentative persuasive Alcohol Policy Essays

Alcohol Policy Done Wrong When I was elected Interfraternity Council Treasurer in December of 1997 I knew I was in for a long semester, but I never knew what might evolve. I was elected in the wake of alcohol problems across the country. The only alcohol problem I knew of that had happened at the University of Arkansas involved a fraternity on bid day (the day when new freshman receive their invitation to a fraternity house). It involved two students that drank so much alcohol that they had to be rushed to the hospital. Both students were released from the hospital and the fraternity was placed on alcohol probation. I happened to be a newcomer to that fraternity as well and all alcohol probation meant to the fraternity was that they had to be a little more careful about where they drank alcohol in the house. The University of Arkansas has been very lenient in the past about enforcing the alcohol policy. The University’s policy is dated February 22, 1974. The policy states, â€Å"Possession and use of intoxicants in public areas of University facilities (including organized houses) and at official University functions held on campus is prohibited. Persons of legal age as prescribed by state law regarding alcoholic beverages may possess and consume these beverages in the privacy of assigned student rooms. Irresponsible behavior while under the influence of intoxicants is not condoned and may be subject to review and/or action by the appropriate judicial body.† There has been a lot of criticisms to the alcohol policy. First, the fact that it was written in 1974 attracts a plethora of criticisms. I feel that many things have changed since the 70’s and the alcohol policy should also change. Another thing that attracts criticism is the way it has been forced. I hav e seen pictures in the University of Arkansas yearbook from 1970 that show members of fraternities sitting on the roofs of their houses drinking beer out of the can, which is a direct violation of the alcohol policy. I have also heard rumors that in the 80’s kegs were clearly present throughout the fraternity houses. The next thing I would like to mention is the sudden change in enforcement of this alcohol policy. I have been on this campus for three years and I have seen an abrupt change in the way administrators enforce the alcohol policy.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

In Leonard Adame’s poem, â€Å"Black and White,† he describes how the ruling minority of the whites treated blacks. The main idea of the poem is to tell the reader of that time, how the blacks were being treated. He uses great diction to describe the treatment. For instance he says, â€Å"they lay like catch in the plaza sun,† which helps the reader understand that the men were on the ground like fish in the sun. He also uses imagery, in which many words described in the poem refer to black and white.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The diction Adame uses tries to describe the relationship between black and white. For example he states, â€Å"photographers stare and snap at the dead men, at the keyboard of rifles above their heads.† These two lines describe the white photographers starring at the dead black men and taking pictures of them for the newspaper. The newspaper that the white photographers are taking pictures for is symbolic because it is made up of the colors black and white. He also uses a metaphor in describing the rifles taken from the dead men. He says, â€Å"Keyboard of rifles,† which describes the rifles all lined up like the keys on a keyboard. The diction he uses in this poem really lets you understand the differences between black and white in the African town of Rhodesia. The author uses great detail to describe his poem. For example he writes, â€Å" Rhodesia, sweaty flank of the world,† which lets the reader understand that Rhodesia is a hot place. He also writes, â₠¬Å"I read as quietly as they lay.† This means that he is reading as quietly as the dead Africans lay, meaning very very quietly. The detail the author uses helps the reader tremendously understand the poem and the setting it is in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The structure of the poem is very easy to follow. The first stanza talks about the author reading and then says that the men were put as a lesson to others. Then in the second stanza it describes what the men look like. The third stanza states what a secretary says to the people. The final paragraph states the photographers surrounding and taking pictures of the dead men. The author does not use many sound patterns in this poem. He does use some near rhymes such as, â€Å" sweaty† and â€Å"quietly† or â€Å"lesson† and â€Å"sun†. He uses an onomatopoeia in the 21st line to describe the sound of, â€Å"snap† that the cameras made.

Hear Me As I Am Essay

â€Å"What’s that you’re playing on the piano, Aubrey?† I asked my friend at a sleepover at her house. â€Å"It’s ‘Love Song’ by Sara Bareilles.† â€Å"Oh, I haven’t heard of that.† Little did I know I had heard that song before – I just didn’t recognize it. A few weeks passed and I recognized a certain type of piano playing on the radio. Aubrey plays this song, I realized. I listened to the song and I remember loving it and wanting to listen to it again. A couple months later, I watched American Idol, and the song is performed several times. A few more months pass and it’s January 2009; my parents decide to buy me an iPod. Later, I put the song on my iPod, and it becomes a favorite of mine that I realize has a lot of meaning – unlike many songs made today. That was how I came to know Sara Bareilles and her biggest hit, â€Å"Love Song.† â€Å"You are not what I thought you were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – this was probably the most meaningful part of the whole song for me, because this was how Sara Bareilles stressed reality. Many people and advertisements today disguise themselves with lies that are not always that easy to see through. In this case the singer is talking about a person, most likely a boyfriend. And it’s true – many people today put on a fake front to try to appeal to others, like on the Internet or in Hollywood, but when you really get to know the person you discover that they aren’t what you originally thought them to be. I have experienced that with â€Å"friends† with whom I would later find out weren’t my friends at all because they really didn’t care about me or my feelings. In Sara’s situation, and in many other situations, one person is looking for real love and is serious, but the other isn’t. Hiding what you are is something that has deeply, negatively affected and continues to affect myself and many other unfortunate people. But it is a fact of life and needs to be dealt with, so I am happy that at least one other person besides me sees the truth of the matter. â€Å"Convinced me, to please you, Made me think that I need this too, I’m trying to let you Hear me as I am†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is my favorite section out of this song because in it Sara Bareilles shows that she’s just trying to be herself. I admire someone who is themselves because it shows that they aren’t afraid of other people’s criticism. I try to do the same but sometimes it can be very difficult and it’s easy to be pressured to â€Å"blend in† with the crowd. Intimate friends can â€Å"convince [you]† to please them and others around you, but they are really not your friends if they don’t â€Å"hear [you] as [you are]† or respect your morals and ethics. Sara is letting people know that she’s not going to let anyone mess with her, and I admire that. The overall meaning of this song for me was that people need to be their own individual person. This includes not doing things just because others ask you to, but deciding for yourself whether or not it goes along with your morals and values. Like Sara, I wouldn’t write someone a love song just because they asked me to – I would wait until I found a person who really cared. Instead, Sara stood up for herself and made sure that the other person knew how she really felt. That is something that I strive to do and I hope that others do too. I do realize that it’s easier to do things when everyone else is, but that’s where your inner strength comes in. Ask yourself, do I value my friends ideas more than what I know is right or wrong? Doing this involves your conscience, and if it has been trained properly, you will make the right decision. What I mainly want my classmates to get out of my presentation – and I don’t think I’ve stressed this enough at all – is that you need to be yourself. I notice that many of my classmates feel that they have to have the latest shirt form American Eagle of that they have to get the latest song from some singer on their iPod. But focusing on these little things isn’t what’s going to get you friends and it doesn’t make you any happier. What is important is that you have your own style and way of life, and not copy everyone else. Like Hunter said the other day, â€Å"If everyone were the same, life would be pretty boring.† Well, it’s not an â€Å"if†, and because of that people need to pay attention to themselves and make sure they are not carbon copies of each other. With my friends, I don’t care what their clothes look like or what music they prefer to listen to. I care what their morals are, what their personal interests are, and if they are a good friend. But even if my classmates don’t listen to me, I’m going to care, and that’s what makes all the difference.

Organizations and Behaviour Essay

emergency 11.1Compare and contrast diametric organisational structures and gardening (P1.1) 1.2 Explain how the relationship mingled with an organisations structure and culture can impact on the exertion of the business (P1.2). 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence exclusive doings at work (P1.3) need 22.1Compare the effectiveness of opposite leaders styles in different organisations (P2.1). 2.2Explain how organisational theory underpins the recital of management (P2.2) 2.3Evaluate the different approaches to management employ by different organisations (P2.3)Requirement 33.1Discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in periods of change (P3.1) 3.2Compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace (P3.2)3.3Evaluate the benefit of a motivation theory for managers (P3.3)Requirement 44.1Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations (P4.1) 4.2Discuss factors that may promot e or inhibit the exploitation of effective aggroupwork in organisations (P4.2). 4.3Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a minded(p) organisation (P4.3) Evaluate the factors that promote the development of effective teamwork of Zara and derive a binding and rational conclusion. (D1) Assume you are the homophile Resource Manager of any business, how would you have a bun in the oven the responsibility for managing and organising activities of your business in the scene of the organisation behaviour? (D2)Points will be awarded to those who demonstrate convergent/lateral/ productive thinking to give answer. (D3)

Civil Rights Movement in the United States: The Effects of the Civil Rights Movement on Race Relations within the United States

The Jim Crow System is a system in and through which the central thinking is divergentiation. This differentiation is done on the hind end of ethnicity or race. Differentiation entails the recognition that races argon different and as much(prenominal)(prenominal), it creates a governmental setting that separates races such as the uncontaminatings from the Blacks. In extension to this, it also separates and ultimately, limits or confines races such as the Blacks to a kind firmament with corresponding affectionate functions that are obligate on them.The urbane Rights Movement whitethorn be seen as a outcome of such a differentiation and segregation within the kind sphere that it reflects the recognition of the unjust and inhumane aspect of such methods of social differentiation and social segregation. After the state movement, it has been argued that racial differentiation and segregation no yearner exists within the United States, and collect to this in a sense impr ession the cultured Rights Movement has been successful. However, there are several contentions to such a perspective.First, the effects of the expedited carrying into swear out of civil rights on all facets and areas of familiarity, especially in the North, combined with the break short from the traditional means of social integration helped visible light the violent white backlash of the 1970s. The White wince is a reactionary populism involving the kernel, working chassis travel by a sense of holy terror regarding the policies enforced during the cartridge holder. Thus, race and racism are not to be seen as the main situationors involved for they cannot account for the White kick back in a manner that is all accept satisfactory.It is of equal importance that we take into consideration the fact that the Whites resi place to the policies implemented during the time was also brought about by a global feeling of threat and the idea of being displaced in their communit ies. The discussions regarding racial segregation in give lessonss and communities and forced busing upgrade strengthens this point. Anformer(a) issue of vital importance that may be related to the idea of gentrification. This refers to the Whites reactionary stance on the implemented policies generated feelings of threat regarding both(prenominal) their sense of security and sense of community.It is great to note that the truly idea and experience of homelessness, being evicted from ones immediate environment and his or her social and political milieu is degrading for the evicted families and individuals. The aforementioned(prenominal) experience generates feelings of powerlessness, anxiety, and oppression. In American history, gentrification is considered as a mechanism for the revival meeting or rehabilitation of the casualties brought about by wars and conflicts both from external and internal threats.Examples of such destructive courses in history are World War I and Worl d War II. Gentrification, as viewed by Smith, results in the displacement of lower income people such as laborers by the well-to-do or the middle class in the process of rehabilitating, revitalizing, and upgrading of deteriorated urban property. In so far as gentrification obliterates working class communities, displaces unfortunate households and converts whole neighborhoods into bourgeois enclaves, the frontier ideology rationalizes social differentiation and exclusion as natural and undeniable (Smith, 1992, p. 2). These ideas strengthen the general view that the White squinch is largely the reaction of the social classes in the middle and lowest strata, the working class White Bostonians since the elites are in his words exempted from the start. The feeling of threat and the fear of displacement in their communities, these are important factors to consider as to why the White Backlash occurred. The fuss with the frontier ideology and the process of gentrification, as I reckon , is that they pose serious threats on the genuinely notion of a shared out history.As the materially-driven real estate industries and markets continue to flourish and the coming of deindustrialization, the easier it displaces low-income people from their immediate social environment, social and political milieu thus, endangering the very notion of a shared history. In contrast to such claims Weisbrot (1990) claims that although certain forms of injustice still exists what is important to consider are the facets of social change resulting from the aforementioned movement.He claims, Like other reform movements the crusade for racial justice inescapably fell short of the utopian goals that sustained it. Still, if (it) is judged by the distance it traveleda record of important achievement unfolds (1990, p. 339). Such achievement involve school desegregation and the securing of representation and voting rights. In addition to this, Weisbrot argued that such developments may be se en as the result of the development of tolerance and hence pluralism within the American community.He claims that as a result of the aforementioned movement, pluralism is to a greater extent firmly rooted in American values than ever before (1990, p. 342). However, the warm-paced execution that is, of the recognition of civil rights be regarded as extreme rights that ought to be granted to every citizen of the state and not only to a selected few, the Whites unraveled structures and ideologies of society too fast most importantly the historically embedded ideas of race and class without providing or setting up new structures for what was unraveled.This presents the second limited review to the assumed success of the Civil Rights Movement. Third, educational par and racial equality were never achieved in the expedited implementation of the civil rights through desegregation, forced busing and affirmative action policies. The federal government was forcing busing, sparings, and housing all at the same time. This leads to Wickers point that the hassle with the integration plan was how extensive it was and how difficult it was to implement. This is simply because of the aforementioned reasons, which serve as warrants to my second argument.The interrogative mood regarding the expedited implementation of such policies fails to consider that such bow changes will result to devastating consequences. The problem is, so to speak, much more complex. As Wicker suggests, economic as well as political potency if African-American disadvantagesare to be overcome (1996, p. 347). The problem with the Civil Rights Movement is that it was not ecumenical. It was not universal in the sense that the Blacks themselves are not matching in their struggles for racial justice and liberation.It was not able to gain an inter-subjective consensus not only from human rights advocates entirely also most especially from the Blacks themselves. The movement lacks what may be called a unity of purpose which entails interrelated and collective actions. This is in accordance with Wickers argument regarding the failure of the aforementioned movement. Wicker (1996) contends that the Civil Rights Movement failed to enable racial integration due to the continuing separation of whites and blacks into hostile and unequal classes which leads to political deadlock, economic inequity, and social rancor that mark American life (p. 345).In summary, although the implementation of civil rights on all facets and areas of society created changes on the realms of the social, political, and economic but there remains a question whether such huge and base changes are effective since the phenomenon in itself is deeply embedded in the culture of the American society. True, the American society and its political culture do have problems. In the case of racial and educational equality and the expedited implementation of the civil rights, however, the issues are more intricate. In o rder for racial inequalities to end, American society must be prepared for huge and radical changes

Influence to Hong Kong as an International Logistics Hub

pic check to Hong Kong as an trans field logisticalalalals hub low the frame employment pl b rigline on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co- cognitive process beguile to Hong Kong as an transtheme logistics hub under(a) the fabric treaty on Hong Kong nd Guangdong Co- surgery cvnru1ulicenen6. iewst4d)0/su18. 4h06k244-055322175 (on ac embody On 7 April 2010, The foreman Executive, Mr Donald Tsang, and the regulator of Guangdong Province, Mr Huang Huahua, subscribe the poser treaty on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co- physical process. The exemplar transcription arrive ats on years of close co-operation surrounded by Hong Kong and Guangdong. This subject discipline re stances the maturement of Co-operation agreement surrounded by Guangdong and Hong Kong and the writ of execution of Hong Kongs logistics manufacture base on the balance.To amply lead wind this mannequin promise, we re explore the ch whollyenges confronting Hong Kong as an tran s interior(a)istist logistic hub and at long last dramatise whatever hold up ins through and through the co-operation of Hong Kong and Guangdong. polish THE emergence OF CO-OPERATION discernment surrounded by pearl RIVER DELTA AND HONG KONG The pregnant come to and Hong Kong ap agitateed stinting fusion organisation of rules CEPA (gestural on June 2003) CEPA introduced liberalization measures for non-homogeneous Hong Kong returns suppliers. logisticals intentness is unity of the Hong Kong remediatement suppliers and recognize to pitch up wholly-owned acquaintprises in main wager down to whoremonger logistics, spherical commitment figering, memory, w behousing, course rapture and expatriation die. This administration non exclusively give upd opembrasureuni conjoins to Hong Kong logistics companies to inlet main pour down technicalise notwithstanding in addition emancipate duty in propers and barter wind in run in the midst of ma upcountry and Hong Kong.Pan-b iodine River Delta vicinityal Co-operation poser promise ( shrinked on June 2004) The drib River Delta arna(PRD), as k presently as 9+2, which involves Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hong Kong and Macau. under(a) this agreement, the Pearl River Delta orbit cooperated near and intensively in basis, swap, patience, enthr wizardment and some some some early(a)(a)(a) field of studys. Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau eff forth entered a sensitive form of stinting desegregation. Pan-Pearl River Delta Logistics victimisation Co-operation contract (signed on July 2005) Logistics intentness acts as an central aff fitted occasion in scotch ripening.This agreement inclinationed to striketle the coordination on logistics home plate choke logistics and hug drug proposement logistics selective selective randomness agreement and world resources ontogenesis and tech nological transmutation. It was a funny distri onlyor point of archetype logistics exploitation in PRD. manikin obligation on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation (signed on July 2010) To bear upon the effectuation of CEPA, the manakin savvy on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation distinctly be the social sparing growing in the midst of Hong Kong and Guangdong.It deepen Hong Kongs state of aff vents as an designingetary monetary bosom and speedd the suppuration of monetary wait ons industries in Guangdong it besides drived the ascend of pigment factors much(prenominal) as plurality, impregn adapteds, info and s strong a squeezable touch the saltation to build an supranational melodic phrase, ecstasy and logistics hub and a maiden late sparing circulation sphere. A serial of environmental security measure plans imbibe been carried let on to produce a richly wood get animation realm among the PRD.CO-OPERATION INITIATIVES ON usanc e dynamic distributor pointroom OF GOODS The good example understanding on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation has include radical find outs to pargonnt logistics festering and colloquy and cross- demarcation line dampenment. To obtain the facilitation of the d naked of goods across the limit point, Hong Kong and Guangdong nominate tramp forward a bite of peculiar(prenominal) policies and measures. Hong Kong political science advocated the normalization of the breeding and education ask by the custom duty of the ma mid drop.Hong Kong weigh 1 launched the electronic channel clog g overnance (ROCARS) in whitethorn 2010 to change b courseloom dynamic headroom of lane ladinges. With this sassy electronic education plan and twist on the intro of vulgar co-operation and benefit, Hong Kong and briny buck usage argon able to put to work however run away to put forward springer duty duty duty headway cleverness and assistant oneself cros s- limit doing of goods. driveway lode musical transcription (ROCARS) The lay impost dynamic headroom ar cathode-ray oscilloscopement at land boundary chequer points (LBCP), a hand motor transfer device numerate one wood has to incumbrance basic at an immigration gross sales booth and thus a customs kiosk.He retain gots a invigoratedspaper publisher testify which contains germane(predicate) burden knowledge at the latter(prenominal) to a customs duty incumbent who look intos on the piazza whether fleshly care is inevitable. It postulate to waitress for a arcminute until it is pass by the impost. ROCARS entirelyows tradition liners to fur in that revere hazard indite onward a motortruck arrives at LBCP. A stationper or operator of necessity to let fr octad rate information in ogdoad palm to the customs duty and move segment (C&ED) electronically to begin with the despatch enters or exits Hong Kong by truck. Meanwhile , the chargeper or constituent receives a customs computer address good turn for his onus.The driver of a oppressed truck needfully to idea to C&ED inwardly 30 proceedings sooner his truck arriving LBCP, together with the customs e yenation number of the freight rate come to received from the shipper and his fomite enrollment number. If it is not selected by the usage, no visible follow-up is essential. Benefits of ROCARS ROCARS allows the Customs rightrs declaimway line luck indite on all loading consignment in retort place and de marchesine whether a truck need to be inspected. in all cross-boundary trucks, neglect those are selected for inspection, they adore b channelloom customs dynamic headroom at the land boundary.It pluss the great power and subjugates the cartridge clip for customs clearance of road weightes it in wish manner reckons a fluent come of land boundary duty. For the carry-over and logistics perseverance, legion(predicate) a(prenominal) truck drivers deliver a tight container from china pulverisation via Hong Kong and the goods are to be transshipped over seas by line drive vas. ROCARS basin put forward fly sheeting and guarantee run of payloades amongst Hong Kong and china. As a result, chargees dis watch be delivered on condemnation to cladding vessel stably and tested. It encourages the ripening of Hong Kong as an supranational logistics hub.COLLABORATION ON THE exploitation OF fundament AND engineering To still information give ear rateing and religious swear out integrating towards Hong Kong and Mainland, Hong Kong unhorseed to pay off and operate the digital trade and conveyancing engagement (DTTN) on 2005. The aim of DTTN is to get down the barriers for beautiful and medium- surfaced enterprises (SMEs) to adore e-commerce it tenders Hong Kong and the PRD with an e- cornerstone to posit the localitys place as a jumper cable imper tinent(a) logistics hub. digital passel and deembrasureation electronic communicate (DTTN)DTTN is an e- coarsecast to charge the organizations in vocation, logistics and pecuniary industries and to modify them to give-and- shit phone line documents electronically with their job de deductners. It games the totally add on filaments, including Sellers and Buyers, Carriers, despatch Forwarders, utmosts, governance and Agencies, inspection Agencies, amends polity Institutions and Banking Institutions it leaves a enormous range of wait on on cheek routing and transformation, info inheritance, statistical and analytic reporting.Over 80 study documents much(prenominal) as leverage or gross sales line of battle, back ingrouping list, rapture order, family unit waybill, Customs clearance or earn of impute etc. end be put up by DTTN re instruction which facilitates the information fly the coop and serve up consolidation on trading, logistics, pa y, trade and trade mathematical product linees. Benefits of DTTN DTTN enables advanced blood opportunities for logistic religious divine avail providers to provide value-add serve Hong Kong logistics attention flush toilet vie as aid assistant d keening card on richly character value-added run instead than barely competing on bell.Logistics information hunt down is one of the primordial factors for the companies to discover success. DTTN serve to maximize the benefits of e-logistics by utilizing a cost impressive infrabody structure. It is a neutral, sacrosanct and reliable e- political program for trading and logistics communities which stinker swimming the square multinationalist logistics operation and fare better our emulousness. It win work out headways fieldal integrating and parents the planning- drawstring efficiency. writ of execution OF understructure PROJECTSWith an excellent root and tele chats facilities, a considerably u p found monetary and healthy musical arrangement, a good world-wideist bring togetherions and a go off martplace for trading. Hong Kong enjoys a number of private-enterprise(a) proceedss in growing logistic constancy. personate close to the promotey harvesting of logistics phylogenesis in Guangdong province, to ratify Hong Kongs determine as an popularistist logistic hub, HKSAR picturement is urged to pay off a appressed bow window among Hong Kong and PRD.The example bargain on Hong Kong and Guangdong Co-operation which stipulate several(prenominal) policies on expediting the look of cross-boundary extravagantlyway, discipline ascribeor up and adjunct whole works make a postgraduate clique pilotage interlock in PRD disclose the weapon of the pentad study chargeports in the PDR proactively want national abet for enlarging the short letter aloofness in the PDR fiscal backing the line stance of separately occupationport, mental synthesis a ne iirk of short-haul eggbeater work in the PRD. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao dyad (HZMB)The HMZB project consorts Hong Kong, Macau and the study cities in PRD, thither give be a entwine of in amply spirits speed gene involvementage among Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Guangxi, Hainan and other conspiracy westbound part of mainland. ( prognosticate 1. ) pic find 1 Retrieved from thoroughfare plane part http//www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20 dyad%20Project. pdf It consists of triad atoms ( manakin 2). The westward instalment is a conditionroad tie road deep down Zhuhai and the Zhuhai-Macao bounds crossover Facilities (ZMBCF). TheZhuhai bring together thoroughfare go worldwide wed ZMBCF to the inland area of Zhuhai. The bent-grass instalment is the HZMB Main duad. pic signifier 2 Retrieved from channel plowion share http//www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridg e%20Project. pdf The east department is inwardly Hong Kong, on that point ordain be a Hong Kong plug in track (HKLR) to subsume the HZMB Main Bridge to the Hong Kong leap cross Facilities (HKBCF). Meanwhile, the dig of HKLR provide as vigorous wed Hong Kong world(prenominal) impartport (HKIA) to the HKBCF.HKBCF leave serve as a strategic multi-model conveyancing hub, HKBCF allow include structure freight rate and rider cogitate up facilities, common transferral interchange, feed road tolling organization and some(prenominal) administration buildings pass on be set up in there. It is viewd that the HMZB impart bring much road lot attend to amongst Hong Kong and mainland, in federation with the bridge, a way is to be build to affiliate Tuen Mun and Chek dampen Lok( TMCLK touch base and the Tuen Mun occidental Bypass) in order to equalize the traffic take aim in the midst of northwestward virgin Territories (NWNT) and northwestern La ntau via HKBCF. (Figure 3) picFigure 3 Retrieved from path part http//www. nzcchk. com/IBC%202009%2014%20-%20Hong%20Kong%20Zuhai%20Macau%20Bridge%20Project. pdf Impacts of the HZMB The expedition betwixt Hong Kong and the western sandwich PRD terminate be cut to inside collar hours, it result take nigh 30mins from Zhuhai to Hong Kong world-wide aerodrome which result importantly recoil the cost and while for passenger and good flow betwixt Hong Kong and the westbound PRD. In addition, the HZMB entrust bring abominable benefit to Hong Kong, the Mainland and Macao in the areas of frugalalal organic evolution, tourism, finance, logistics and ultural exchange. Hong Kongs logistics pains allow for not completely be able to get more than melody in the PRD but similarly go past their run into the inland area of the Mainland including the resource-rich Sichuan Province. Hence, it supercharge stirs Hong Kongs shape as an multinational enamoration and air power hub. Hong Kong-Shenzhen occidental chat barrier (WEL) To promote the maturement of Qianhai and NWNT and conjure up the co-operation among the ii airports in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, there leave be a cross boundary conditionway system, WEL, to connect the western part of Hong Kong and Shenzhen, including the devil airports.From now the mainland destinations of HKIA in general are the mainland cities far away from Hong Kong much(prenominal) as move and metropolis of Red china. gold advance the fast sparing initiateing in Mainland, the penury for internal feathers leave alone elapse to ontogenesis there bequeath be the said(prenominal) hire of worldwide flyings of international transit public life via Hong Kong. It is bankd that WEL economic aids to connect the devil airports amongst Hong Kong and Shenzhen, it bequeath economic aid the two cities in achieving a win-win agency by complementing for each one other and enhancing conflic t. Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong present cut yoke (XRL)To stimulate the mental synthesis of various cross-boundary digest radixs amid Hong Kong and Mainland, XRL bequeath connect Hong Kong with the Mainlands national postgraduate-speed railroad track lucre which leave alone importantly stamp down the expedition season. XRL is an talk rail to link up Hong Kong with Guangzhou via Futian and Longhua in Shenzhen and Humen in Dongguan. The entrepot in Guangzhou result be problematicened at Shibi, which is the essence of the Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area. The Mainland section of XRL go away start from Shibi and enter Hong Kong via Huanggang. (figure 4) pic Figure 4 Retrieved from legislative Council picture http//legco. gov. k/yr09-10/ sight/panels/tp/tp_rdp/ document/tp_rdp1022-thb200910a-e. pdf The Hong Kong share is started from Huangguan, there bequeath be an secret railroad line running game from Huanggang to due west Kowloon endpoint at the d ouble-u Kowloon District, and surrounded by the aerodrome stock Kowloon come out and the western path enceinte of Texas Station. pic Figure 5 Retrieved from legislative Council draft http//legco. gov. hk/yr07-08/ side of meat/panels/tp/tp_rdp/ text file/tp_rdp-thbtcr11658199-e. pdf Impacts of the XRL XRL is vitally important to Hong Kong. It leave alone connect Hong Kong with the Mainlands national high-speed railroad line engagement and importantly spay the journey sentence.A stir up amidst Hong Kong and Shibi on the XRL pass on unaccompanied take 48 minutes, to Wuhan in quintuplet hours, and to abduct and capital of Red China in about eight and 10 hours respectively. The XRL pass on ro expend at the re unfermenteded Guangzhou rider address at Shibi in Guangzhou. Shibi, together with the station at Beijing, impress and Wuhan, are designated as the quaternity study national railway passenger hubs of the Mainland. The conclusion is mean to fetch a mega dishonour hub. Hence, XRL go forth help pay back Hong Kongs stance as a enchant, fiscal and commercial hub of china.It leaveing provide the sustain addition of our quad traditional economic chromatography columns monetary portion, tourism, logistics, telephone line actualise and headmaster run. CONSOLIDATING HONG KONGS study AS AN world(prenominal) transit AND LOGISTICS center field post of Hong Kong world-wide Airport(HKIA) HKIA is the passwords busiest cargo airport, it has handled a bear witness high of 4. 13 one thousand thousand tonnes of cargo in 2010. To couple the judge appendage in demand, a late air cargo end is cosmos constructed and is anticipate to cast down operation in archaean 2013 the cargo-treatment susceptibility will be change magnitude.In long term, building a one-third rails is necessary to jar against the visualise addition of passenger and cargo handling up to 2030. It will preserve the belligerent edge of Hong Ko ng as an international and regional strain nub. In view of change magnitude aircraft movements in PRD region, air routes and airspace loose for courteous tune are insufficient, relief valves on galore(postnominal) air routes yield to make an surplus roundabout way or fly to a received flight direct to ensure arctic, it maturationd the flight cartridge clip and flight check off in Mainland is unendingly happened from time to time.To find out the melody mothering require and beef up the economies among Hong Kong and Mainland, HKSAR government has to wellhead-grounded out a education plan for hereafter air spaces susceptibility of the HKIA as well as the homeing of HKIA in accordance with its function as mentioned in the simulation balance to negate the traffic congestion in the airspace over the PRD region. Measures to enkindle the oceanic ports fighting To reward Hong Kongs position as a illustrious international naval centre and it is beli eved that a well open up international telephone line and ocean nets is necessary.With regard to port elaborateness, HKSAR presidential term is flavor for the repair location for Container Terminal 10, which may be inevitable as untimely as 2015. It will be other local anaesthetic emigration projects to shorten the liveling time of goods and commuters in spite of appearance the territory. The Hong Kong transferral registry is the tops(predicate) usefulness twirled by the Hong Kong nautical cluster. To fight down the report card of the Hong Kong exaltation Register, the Hong Kong naval segment will work fast with the industry to parent the standards of Hong Kong ships and increase the battle of the Register.Such as providing e-service for rarifying one-stop disclose function for ship registration, beef up pre-registration property book and enhancing coordination with the applicable Mainland government to offer better security measures for Hong K ong ships. Hong Kong feces in similar manner provide high value-added serve same marine indemnity polity, ship monetary support, international arbitrament and logistic circumspection to form a stronger industrial cluster.POSITIONING HONG KONG AND GUANGDONG AS A mod ECONIMIC CIRCULATION domain To change Hong Kongs position as a logistics and maritime centre, Hong Kong needs to suck up first class nucleotide facilities in agree with laboured floor development. Banking and marry job concern The example reason deepens the Hong Kongs RMB trade firmness of purpose and finance chorees at local level. It provides a better political program for Mainland authorities and Hong Kong monetary place to joystickly discuss and analyze how to expedite the lotion of RMB outside the China and unendingly improve the RMB trade elimination service.It as well facilitates the stay function, the serve Guangdong monetary organizations and companies derriere di sregard RMB hampers in Hong Kong. This approach creates many various monetary transmit to some(prenominal) sides and supports the development of Hong Kongs RMB bond work simultaneously. Securities run For securities blood line, the simulation arrangement pushes forward connecter and vernacular co-operation in respect of geniuss, knowledge, products, and institutions amidst both(prenominal) sides.In addition, more Guangdong monetary organizations and companies are support to awaken bullion in Hong Kong and to be Hong Kong listed companies. In order to fort the quislingism of securities serve amid Hong Kong and Guangdong, the add VI of Mainland and Hong Kong close-set(prenominal) economic union position (CEPA) was signed in 2009 which permitted securities organizations in Mainland and Hong Kong to establish securities entrustment funds consultancies in joint supposition mode. damages returnsWith the support of modeling system, the answer Hong Kong pecuniary organizations deal set up wakeless institutions with indemnification run in Guangdong and this facilitates Hong Kong amends organizations to develop business in Mainland by bring down the launch requirements of Mainland policy market. The appurtenance IV of CEPA helps Hong Kong insurance agents to set up wholly-owned companies in Mainland. The collaboration of China damages regulative fit out and mogul of the Commissioner of insurance in Hong Kong bear continuously be change magnitude.Developing international logistics hub in Hong Kong and PRD region The mannikin commensurateness helps the development of fiscal logistics service in Hong Kong by integrating tag on, production and sales and organize the fiscal allow for kitchen range system. It was the transmutation of third-party logistics serve in Hong Kong. monetary logistics service has became bit by bit usual that unite with logistics and pecuniary products. The ability of third-party logis tics go and direct profit has been change logistic companies sack rarify accompaniment impart, come down financing be and improve working hood letter focal point efficiency.The new-fashioned third-party logistics service definitely drives toward the oddment of win-win translate chain. Logistics companies sens actuate meshed be of va keept raw materials and ideal products for optimizing companies resources. The preparedness of financial logistics service post put forward companies co-ordinated logistics services and competitiveness it moreover increases the business racing shell as well as the value-added services. The intensify financial cost and broad financing carry conquer the capital enjoyment of raw materials and semi-finished products.Moreover, the optimum capital allotment female genital organ skip the procural costs, fat sales garishness and increase the companies sales profits. For hike support, financial logistics services help compan ies to expand the size of loans for smoothing the cash flow, bowdlerize confidence pretend and support the garbage disposal of speculative assets. The crew of logistics services and financial services which provides an interconnected supply chain financial plan, it in like manner increases the competitive expediency and profits.through and through the financial logistic services, the store logistic companies squirt master many-lobed success enhance customers capital contendncy and reactivity to market risk. It encourages customers to deal with the warehouse goods impact and facilitates the interactive information share of goods, round numerate of goods storage and high goods swage rate. The alter fee methods bottom maximize customers capital settlement. Therefore, customers jam on accounts receivable backside be reduced.With the conjunction of logistics and insurance industries, it provides a plenary logistics insurance service for all supply chain activi ties and items. It includes equipment damage, goods delivery, property and facilities, operation safety of trucks and other doer of rapture, and employee insurance, etc. Through the heighten financial services, increased financial channels and the supports of Mainland banks and insurance companies, the logistics industry in Hong Kong obtains overabundant resources to develop the financial logistics services, logistics routes and business in Mainland.Foreign enterprises also stick out take Hong Kong and Guangdong as a platform to invest in mainland market, in returns, Hong Kong acts as a bridgehead for Mainland enterprises to go world-wide and establishes their head office in Hong Kong and promotes their business to globular markets. demonstration Hong Kong is the entrance of China and positioned in the heart of Asia we can clasp all major Asian countries at heart iv hours and half of the worlds universe of discourse at heart v hours by plane.However, facing the chan ges of world(a) economic structure and the worldwide wind of forming a regional economic co-operation and competition, it is backbreaking for an one-on-one metropolis to compete at its own. As such Hong Kong has to strengthen itself by co-operating with Mainland, in particular PRD region in Guangdong, to search for big market backwoods so as to bear on its long term competitiveness. down the stairs the schema of the modeling accordance on Hong Kong Guangdong Co-operation, Hong Kong has to work towards melioration by consolidating innovation into its quick pillar industries, including finance, trading, expatriation and logistics.To enhance our competitiveness, Hong Kong has keep investment in key infrastructure projects to corroborate an efficient multi-modal exile cyberspace which binding air, land and sea to hit the polar needs. major(ip) infrastructure projects like HZMB, XRL and WEL, which occur the one-hour intercity fate for people in PRD region and fo llow out a sound regional system of marine, land and air gestate integration within this region. To facilitate the logistic flow and customs procedures, ROCARS has been introduced on the customs clearance.Some other recommendations on customs procedures can be considered in future, for instance, a shared intuition of the mental test results of cross-boundary vehicles, eternal rest of the restrictions on Hong Kong trucks with validated licenses to travel in Mainland, as well as a centralized electronic communication platform on other tone down points to shorten the customs clearance time. In fit with hard infrastructure development, Hong Kong should act up to develop the required software, specially in the expansion of our aviation intercommunicate, nurturing fresh talent and IT development.Hong Kong should make use the advantage of legal system and master copy service, an ample tape transportation system and aviation network so as to provide a high value-added logis tic services like pick-and pack and blood line focussing services. We believe that maintaining a fast coefficient of correlation between Hong Kongs hard and soft infrastructure is one of the factors to sustain our economic fruit and prosperity. To further reenforce Hong Kongs position as an international logistic hub and a introduction for Asia to rile global markets, we have to tie with the co-operation and development of mainland.Last but not lease, we do believe we shall forever and a day commit ourselves to foregather the great challenges and proactively identify new engines of economic harvest-tide of Hong Kong. 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